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Syria, officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country located in Western Asia, on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. It shares its borders with Turkey to the north, Lebanon and Israel to the west, Iraq to the east, and Jordan to the south.
Syria spans an area of approximately 185,180 square kilometers and has a population of around 17 million as of 2021. Its capital and largest city is Damascus, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.
The country has a rich history and was a major center of culture and learning during the Islamic Golden Age. It is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Arabs, Greeks, Armenians, Assyrians, Kurds, Circassians, and Turks. Religious groups include Sunnis, Christians, Alawites, Druze, and Yazidis.
Syria's economy is primarily based on agriculture, industry, and oil. Prior to the civil war, Syria enjoyed a high growth rate and was considered to be a middle-income country.
However, since the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, Syria has faced severe socio-economic challenges. The war has caused significant loss of life, displacement of population, and extensive damage to infrastructure and the economy. Multiple parties, both domestic and international, are involved in the ongoing conflict, driving it to a humanitarian crisis.
Syria is also known for its contributions to Arab music, literature, and cuisine, with Syrian food gaining worldwide recognition for its distinct flavors and techniques.