Poland
Polish winegrowing has been rebuilt from almost nothing since the 1990s, and the country now has well over a thousand registered vineyards. The main areas are Lubuskie in the west, Malopolska around Krakow, and Podkarpacie in the south-east. The climate is cool and continental, so plantings lean heavily on hardy hybrids such as Solaris, Johanniter and Rondo.
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Sweden
Commercial winegrowing in Sweden is concentrated in Skane, the southern tip of the country, where Kullabygden and the Osterlen coast have the mildest conditions. Plantings are dominated by cool-climate hybrids, Solaris above all, and sparkling wine has become the strongest category. It is a young industry, measured in decades rather than centuries.
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Belgium
Belgium has four protected designations of its own, among them Hageland, Haspengouw and Heuvelland, and a growing reputation for traditional-method sparkling wine. Warmer summers have made Chardonnay and Pinot Noir viable alongside the hybrids that dominated earlier plantings.
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Czechia
Nearly all Czech wine comes from Moravia in the south-east, across the Mikulovska, Velkopavlovicka, Slovacka and Znojemska districts. Bohemia, around Melnik and Litomerice north of Prague, is far smaller and further north. Whites lead — Veltlinske zelene, Ryzlink rynsky and Muller-Thurgau — and the region is known for young wine drunk locally as burcak in autumn.
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Slovenia
Slovenia has three wine regions: Primorska on the Italian border, Podravje in the north-east around Maribor, and Posavje in the south-east. Goriska Brda, continuous with Italian Collio, is the best known abroad and is central to the modern revival of skin-contact white wine. Rebula, Malvazija and Sipon are the signature grapes.
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Ukraine
Ukrainian wine is made mainly in the Odesa region and historic Bessarabia in the south-west, with a smaller cool-climate industry in Zakarpattia in the west. The sector has been severely disrupted since 2022, with vineyards and wineries in occupied and front-line areas lost or inaccessible, while producers further west have continued and in some cases expanded.
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Macao
Macao grows no wine and drinks a great deal of it. The casino resorts of Cotai and the peninsula support one of the densest concentrations of high-end restaurants and cellars in Asia, and Portuguese rule until 1999 left both a taste for Portuguese wine and a cuisine of its own. Like Hong Kong, the listings here are places to drink rather than places that produce.
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